9.The following appeared in a memorandum from a dean at Omega University.
"Fifteen years ago, Omega University implemented a new procedure that encouraged students to evaluate the teaching effectiveness of all their professors. Since that time, Omega professors have begun to assign higher grades in their classes, and overall student grade averages at Omega have risen by thirty percent. Potential employers apparently believe the grades at Omega are inflated; this would explain why Omega graduates have not been as successful at getting jobs as have graduates from nearby Alpha University. To enable its graduates to secure better jobs, Omega University should now terminate student evaluation of professors."
A、O大学的教授开始给学生更高的分数，并不一定是因为学生评价教授的机制的存在。可能是O大学的学生平均来说都要比以前学习刻苦了，或者说学习的课目较之15年前要简单了。
B、即使学生获得了更高的分数，是因为O大学的教授怕学生通过该机制对他进行不利的评价，从而使得潜在的雇佣者质疑这样的分数，也不一定能够解释O大学的毕业生找工作没有A大学毕业生成功的现象。找工作困难和其他很多因素都有关，例如专业对不对口，学生本身的寻求条件高低等。
C、即使是因为这个原因导致了O大学的毕业生找工作更困难，O大学也不应该断然停止一项维持了15年的机制。事物都有两面性，作者忽视了该机制所带来的正面效应，例如让教授对自己教授的课程更加负责了等等。
10.The following appeared in a letter to the editor of a Batavia newspaper.
"The department of agriculture in Batavia reports that the number of dairy farms throughout the country is now 25 percent greater than it was 10 years ago. During this same time period, however, the price of milk at the local Excello Food Market has increased from $1.50 to over $3.00 per gallon. To prevent farmers from continuing to receive excessive profits on an apparently increased supply of milk, the Batavia government should begin to regulate retail milk prices. Such regulation is necessary to ensure both lower prices and an adequate supply of milk for consumers."
A、牛奶价格从$1.50找到超过$3.00每加仑，并不能够说明奶农在其中赚取了更多的利润。可能因为生产牛奶的成本增加了，也可能是因为通货膨胀导致价格上涨。
B、牧场数量增加了25%，但并不意味着牛奶产量也增加了，很可能牧场数量增加了而牛奶产量却下降了。
C、作者没有给出充分的理由来说明用政府干预经济的方法是必须的。经济常识告诉我们，市场具有自我调节能力，政府可能可以通过市场的手段来解决牛奶供应的问题。
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