GRE，全称Graduate Record Examination，中文名称为美国研究生入学考试，适用于除法律与商业外的各专业。由美国教育考试服务处(Educational Testing Service，简称ETS)主办，GRE是美国、加拿大的大学各类研究生院（除管理类学院，法学院）要求申请者所必须具备的一个考试成绩，也是教授对申请者是否授予奖学金所依据的最重要的标准。 另有，Generic Routing Encapsulation（通用路由封装）也简称GRE。
In this argument the author cites a poll showing that the amount of charitable donations
increased last year, but that the increase to educational institutions was far less than to either
religious or environmental groups. Based on this evidence the author condudes that more
people are willing and able to make charitable donations, but that education is not a priority for
most people. The author also concludes that the discrepancy among donation rates is the
result of a general perception that educational institutions are in less need of money than other
insttutons are. This argument depends on several unsubstanuated assumptions and is
therefore unpersuasive as it stands.
First of all, the author's conclusions about people's willingness to donate to the three types
of charities listed depend on the assumption that the poll results are statistically reliable. Yet,
the author offers no evidence to substantiate this assumption. The author must show that the
200 charitable organizations polled constitute a sufficiently large sample of religious,
environmental, and educational charities, and that this sample is representative of all such
charities. Otherwise, the author cannot confidently draw any general conclusions about the
willingness of people to donate to these three types of institutions, or about general
perceptions regarding the needs of any such institutions.
Similarly, the author's sweeping claim that "more people are willing and able to give money
to charities" depends on the assumption that the poll results are sufficiently representative of
charitable giving in general. Yet, the author offers no evidence to substantiate this assumption.
The author must show that the 25% total increase in the rate of donations to the three types of
institutions polled is representative of the increase in donations to all types of charities. The
author must also show that the total number of donors actually increased last year; as it stands
the argument leaves open the possibility that the total number of donors decreased last year
while the average amount given by each donor increased. Absent evidence to support these
assumptions, the author's broad contusion that "more people are willing and able" to make
charitable donations is dubious at best.
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