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To sum up, history informs us that basic human nature has not changed, and this history
lesson can help us understand and be more tolerant of one another, as well as develop
compassionate responses to the problems and failings of others. Yet, history has other lessons
to offer us as well. It helps us formulate informed values and ideals for ourselves, inspires us to
great achievements, points out mistakes to avoid, and helps us appreciate our cultural
heritage.
Issue 114
"Imprisonment for violent crimes should be made as unpleasant as possible in order to deter
potential offenders from committing such crimes."
The speaker contends that ifprison conditions are made "as unpleasant as possible" then
potential violent criminals would be deterred from committing crimes. I strongly disagree.
History makes dear that so-called "tough-on-crime" approaches are simply not effective crime
deterrents. Moreover, the speaker recommends a policy that would serve to undermine two
other important objectives of incarceration, and that would run contrary to certain
countervailing societal interests.
125
In light of all the conveniences that our society provides its prisoners today, it might be
tempting to agree with the speaker. Violent criminals tend to come from neighborhoods where
drug trafficking, vandalism and burglary, and therefore violent crime are commonplace. For
these individuals prison can be a haven--a comparatively secure place where inmates are
provided with room, board, health care, exercise facilities, and so forth. Accordingly, unless
prison life is made more unpleasant overall than life outside prison walls, individuals will not be
deterred from committing violent crimes.
Conceding this point, I nevertheless find the speaker's contention dubious at best. Even
assuming that potential criminals are made aware of the unpleasantness that awaits them
behind bars--for example, through the various "scared straight" social programs that are
popular in inner-city schools today--for three reasons the deterrent effect of the speaker's
proposed policy would be negligible. First, most violent criminals are relatively young; and
young people tend to act impetuously, to lack self-restraint, and to disregard potential adverse
consequences of their actions. Second, recent genetic research reveals that violent behavior
is largely the result of genetic makeup rather than environmental factors; thus attempts to
deter "born criminals" are unlikely to succeed. Third, consider the various means of public
execution used throughout history: crucifixion, burning at the stake, hanging, and so forth.
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