GRE，全称Graduate Record Examination，中文名称为美国研究生入学考试，适用于除法律与商业外的各专业。由美国教育考试服务处(Educational Testing Service，简称ETS)主办，GRE是美国、加拿大的大学各类研究生院（除管理类学院，法学院）要求申请者所必须具备的一个考试成绩，也是教授对申请者是否授予奖学金所依据的最重要的标准。 另有，Generic Routing Encapsulation（通用路由封装）也简称GRE。
I concede that undue emphasis on cultivating the intellect at the expense of healthy
emotions can harm an individual psychologically. Undue suppression of legitimate and healthy
desires and emotions can result in depression, dysfunction, and even physical illness. In fact,
the intellect can mask such problems, thereby exacerbating them. To the extent they occur on
a mass scale these problems become societal ones--lowering our economic productivity,
burdening our health-care and social-welfare systems, and so forth. I also concede that by
encouraging and cultivating certain positive emotions and feelings--such as compassion and
empathy--society dearly stands to benefit.
In many other respects, however, emphasizing emotions and de-emphasizing intellect can
carry negative, even dangerous, consequences for any society. Our collective sense of
fairness, equity, and justice can easily give way to base instincts like hate, greed, and lust for
power and domination. Thus, on balance any society is better off quelling or at least tempering
these sorts of instincts, by nurturing reason, judgment, tolerance, fairness, and
understanding--all of which are products of the intellect.
The empirical evidence supporting this position is overwhelming; yet one need look no
further than a television set. Most of us have been witness to the current trend in trashy talk
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shows, which eschew anything approaching intellectual discourse in favor of pan &ring to our
baser urges and instincts like jealousy, lust and hate. Episodes often devolve into anti-social,
sometimes violent, behavior on the part of participants and observers alike. And any ostensible
"lessons learned" from such shows hardly justify the antisocial outbursts that the producers
and audiences of these shows hope for.
The dangers of a de-emphasis on intellect are all too evident in contemporary America.The
incidence of hate crimes is increasing at a startUng rate; gang warfare is at an all-time high;
the level of distrust between African Americans and white America seems to be growing.
Moreover, taken to an extreme and on a mass scale, appeal to the emotions rather than the
intellect has resulted in humanity's most horrific atrocities, like the Jewish holocaust, as well as
in nearly every holy war ever waged throughout history. Indeed, suppressing reason is how
demagogues and despots gain and hold their power over their citizen-victims. In contrast,
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