GRE考试形式：中国大陆地区、香港、澳门、韩国目前执行分开考试的形式。由机考（分析性写作）和笔试（语文、数学）组成。
In considering the business world it might be more tempting to agree with the speaker; after
all, isn't business fundamentally about pragmatism--that is, "getting the job done" and paying
attention to the "bottom line"? Emphatically, no. Admittedly, the everyday machinations of
business are very much about meeting mundane short-term goals: deadlines for production,
sales quotas, profit margins, and so forth. Yet underpinning these activities is the vision of the
company's chief executive--a vision which might extend far beyond mere profit maximization to
the ways in which the frrm can make a lasting and meaningful contribution to the community, to
the broader economy, and to the society as a whole. Without a dream or vision--that is, without
strong idealist leadership--a firm can easily be cast about in the sea of commerce without dear
direction, threatening not only the fLrm's bottom line but also its very survival.
Finally, when it comes to the political arena, again at fzrst blush it might appear that
pragmatism is the best, if not the only, way to succeed. Most politicians seem driven by their
interest in being elected and reelected--that is, in surviving--rather than by any sense of
mission, or even obligation to their constituency or country. Diplomatic and legal maneuverings
and negotiations often appear intended to meet the practical needs of the parties
involved--minimizing costs, preserving options, and so forth. But, it is idealists-not
pragmatists--who sway the masses, incite revolutions, and make political ideology reality.
Consider idealists such as America's founders, Mahatma Gandhi, or Martin Luther IGng. Had
these idealists concerned themselves with short-term survival and immediate needs rather
than with their notions of an ideal society, the United States and India might still be British
colonies, and African-Americans might still be relegated to the backs of buses.
In short, the statement fails to recognize that idealism--keeping one's eye on an ultimate
43
prize--is the surest path to long-term success in any endeavor. Meeting one's immediate
needs, while arguably necessary for short-term survival, accomplishes litde without a sense of
mission, a vision, or a dream for the long term.
Issue 38
"The study of history has value only to the extent that it is relevant to our daily lives."
The speaker alleges that studying history is valuable only insofar as it is relevant to our daily
lives. I find this allegation to be specious. It wrongly suggests that history is not otherwise
instructive and that its relevance to our everyday lives is limited. To the contrary, studying
history provides inspiration, innumerable lessons for living, and useful value-clarification and
perspective---all of which help us decide how to live our lives.
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