答案：
1
Visual recognition involves storing and retrieving memories.
视觉识别包括储存和取回记忆。
2
Neural activity, triggered by the eye, forms an image in the brain‘s memory system that constitutes an internal representation of the viewed object.
眼睛激发的神经活动，在大脑的记忆系统中形成一幅图像，由被观察对象在脑内呈现的画面组成。
3
When an object is encountered again, it is matched with its internal representation and thereby recognized.
当对象再次出现在视野，与脑内画面吻合，就会被辨识。
4
Controversy surrounds the question of whether recognition is a parallel, one-step process or a serial, step-by-step one.
现在争论的焦点是，识别过程到底是并行的，一步完成的还是串行的，分多步完成的。
5
Psychologists of the Gestalt school maintain that objects are recognized as wholes in a parallel procedure: the internal representation is matched with the retinal image in a single operation.
G学校的心理学家坚称，对象是被作为一个整体识别的，过程是并行的：脑内图像与视网膜图像的匹配，是一步到位的。
6
Other psychologists have proposed that internal representation features are matched serially with an object‘s features.
其他心理学家则认为，脑内图像特征与观察对象特征的匹配，是逐步完成的。
7
Although some experiments show that, as an object becomes familiar, its internal representation becomes more holistic and the recognition process correspondingly more parallel, the weight of evidence seems to support the serial hypothesis, at least for objects that are not notably simple and familiar. (151 words)
即便有些实验显示，随着观察对象越来越熟悉，它的脑内图像越来越整体化，而识别过程也相应变得越来越同时完成，但大量证据似乎支持串行假设，至少对于那些明显不简单不熟悉的对象是这样。
(holistic 整体论的(holism)，强调整体的重要性而不可分割的，强调整体分析而忽略部分分析的)
12. The author is primarily concerned with
(A) explaining how the brain receives images
(B) synthesizing hypotheses of visual recognition
(C) examining the evidence supporting the serial-recognition hypothesis
(D) discussing visual recognition and some hypotheses proposed to explain it
(E) reporting on recent experiments dealing with memory systems and their relationship to neural activity
选 D
A 大脑如何接受图像，没在解释这个。
B 的确综合了两种假设，但前面还有其他内容，B 项忽略了句 1、2、3。
C 只有句 7 的一部分而已。
D 讨论了视觉识别过程，以及解释这个过程的两种假设。
E 只是在瞎聊。
For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply
13. According to the passage, Gestalt psychologists make which of the following suppositions about visual recognition?
□A A retinal image is in exactly the same forms as its internal representation.
□B An object is recognized as a whole without any need for analysis into component parts.
□C The matching of an object with its internal representation occurs in only one step.
选 BC
A 无法判断是否完全一样，G 校学者只是认为这个过程是一蹴而就的，完全有理由怀疑 G 学者们并不排斥，“ image和presentation的一部分吻合就已经完成了recognition，仍然是 one step procedure ” 的看法。
B 符合句 5 描述的推测。
C 符合句 5 描述的推测。
句 5：
Psychologists of the Gestalt school maintain that objects are recognized as wholes in a parallel procedure: the internal representation is matched with the retinal image in a single operation.
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