新GRE考试中“ISSUE”必备语录

　1、超越性的题目: 现实与理想；眼前利益与长期利益；集体身份与人格独立；规约与自由，利己与利他、竞争与合作、客观束缚与主观能动

　　人类之所以纠结，在于沉重的肉身和高傲的灵魂之间不可调和的矛盾。人若是卑微，总是世俗的纷扰让我们难以自拔；人若是高尚，只是因为心中的理想。我们是魔鬼的孩子，却长着天使的翅膀。
　　A man suffers from inescapable pain, a torturing split between the sunken flesh and the arrogant soul. So sunken the flesh is that a man indulges himself into lust, sloth, greed and hatred, so arrogant the soul is that he never abandons his rights of morality, religion, passion and freedom. A man is never a demon, nor is he an angel.

　　2、虚无性的题目：知识、科技、实践、经验、批判思维、历史的真伪、文化

　　存在的本质为人对所存在事物的感知，故而世界的本质便是虚无。
　　The existence only exists in people's perception, which, by nature, is of vanity.

　　3、时间性题目：传统与创新、历史是否可以被借鉴、科技与人文、进步、

　　时间对于个体来说是线性而不可逆转的；而对于整个宇宙，无非是一个周而复始的圆圈。
　　Time for individuals is consecutive and irreversible, but for the universe, just a repetitive circle.

　　4、政府与人民

　　人民除了权利，什么都没有，甚至没有使用权利的基本能力。因而他们选举了一个叫做政府的机构。
　　Citizens, apart from claiming to have rights, in fact, have no capability to exercise their rights. Therefore, they select a government.

　　5、 个体与集体、身份、领导者与大众

　　他人给了你身份，故而，他们就是你的地狱。
　　Others bestow you an identity, and thus, they are the hell.

　　6、 政治与道德

　　政治是权力的斗争和利益的平衡。民主只是用制度制约人性的本恶。
　　Nothing is politics but the struggle of power and the balance of interests.

　　7、 教育、传统与创新、批判思考

　　教育用束缚的方式，启迪了人们如何通过继承而达到颠覆的目的。
　　Education, by means of confinement, enlightens people to inherit and then to overthrow the past.
　　8、 人民与政府

　　政府是必要的恶。以自由为代价，确保了正义和公平。
　　Government is a necessary evil, ensuring the justice but at the cost of individual freedom.

　　9、 领导、名人、英雄、信仰

　　人需要神从而不至迷茫；人需要颠覆神，因为神本身就是人造的产物。
　　By the guidance of idols, people are not perplexed; yet, they always destroy the idols and replace them with new ones, for idols are created to be destroyed.

　　10、科技与自然、革命与改革、领导与大众、理想与现实、主观与客观、勇气与卑微

　　人与外在世界永远处于斗争之中，只不过一些人为了苟活妥协了；而另一些人为了信仰反抗了。妥协的人不一定活下来了；反抗的人也未必真的牺牲了。甚至，妥协的人未必不是英雄；而反抗的人也不是注定不朽。总之，世界不曾改变，改变的只是你我。
　　Human beings are always in a fight with external world. Some have compromised, and some still persist. The compromised are not blessed to live; and the persisted, not necessarily martyrs. Or even, the compromised are indeed heroes, and the persisted, fading away. The world does not change. We do.

　　11、 表象与本质、目的与方法、批评与赞扬、批判与继承

　　表象的对立往往意味着本质的相同。
　　Superficial confrontation indicates the similarity of essence.

　　12、 科技与人文；创新与传统

　　科技貌似推动人类向前，可前方是一片彷徨；人文让我们照见过往，给了我们存在希望。
　　Technology seemingly pushes humans forward, yet forward to the unknown; humanities mirror humans into the past, the past of existence and hope.

　　13、批判、 传统与创新、教育

　　批判的前提的训练和继承。
　　The prerequisite of rational critical thinking is the arduous training and undistinguished inheritance.

　　14、个体与集体、 创新与传统、自由

　　个体的伟大在于始终与集体不懈的斗争。个人追逐自由，集体限制自由。
　　The greatness of individuals lies in the uncompromised struggle against the collective conformity. They fight for freedom, a freedom banned by the collectivism.

　　15、法律与道德

　　法律限制人的基本的恶，来自于政府，让人不至于沦为恶魔；道德是让人性更加光辉，从而成为天使。
　　Laws prohibit human’s evils. It is the invention from government. By laws, humans do not turn to demons; morality glorifies humans, turning them into angels.

　　16、个体与集体、成功

　　成功永远只是个体行为，集体不需要成功，相反、集体需要平庸。
　　Success is individual behaviors. Collectivism is in no need of this; collectivism desperately need conformity.
　17、改革、个人英雄主义

　　任何改变都是微小而持续的；革命，只是少数个体的一场喧哗而已。
　　Any change is revealed in a minute manner, undying and unstoppable. Revolutions, on the contrary, are just a carnival celebrated by the mass, ignited by a few and blessed by none.

　　18、国际化、全球化

　　国际化只是把人与集体的关系放到了原始蒙昧社会了而已。在无政府的状态下，丛林法则永远是唯一的法则，只不过，有人可以理性的使用自己的拳头而已。
　　International arena is a jungle, in which just a few countries use their fists with rationality and maneuvers.

　　19、创新与守旧、外部经验的借鉴

　　内部矛盾的解决需要依靠外部力量，因为内部永远是守旧的、自我封闭的。
　　Internal conflicts can only be solved by external forces, because internality requires conventions and inward-looking.

　　20、感性与理性、教育、事实与抽象感念

　　认知始于感性最终上升成为理性。感性转瞬即逝如白驹过隙；理性永垂不朽如寒夜亮星。
　　Awareness originates from emotionality and finally transcends to rationality. So transient is emotionality that it bears the resemblance of a fast white horse fleeting over a gap, and so eternal is rationality, of a bright star hanging over the dark night.

　　21、教育、传统、人文

　　人性，只能通过教育去激发。 天使要读圣经，魔鬼则是没有读过圣经的天使。
　　To educate is to be humane. Angels are angels, for they read the bible; demons are those angels who do not read bibles.

　　22、偶然与必然、过程与结果、创新的力量、科学的本质

　　偶然性存在于人的无知，必然性是宇宙的博大。人尝试洞悉宇宙的必然性，是科学的发端。
　　Coincidence comes from ignorance. Destiny, from universe. The beginning of science is human’s attempt to see the destiny.

　　23、艺术与大众

　　理解意味着身份的认同，而身份未必需要他人认同。
　　Understanding is based on identity recognition, which, however, is not always a must.

　　24、媒体、历史、政治

　　媒体和历史，都是用反抗的面貌来充当政治的婢女。
　　Media and history, appeared to be discontented, are the chambermaid of politics.

　　25、选择、人民与政治自由

　　选择意味着迷茫，而没有选择则是丧失自由。故而，自由的前提是一个理性的头脑和一个允许理性公开使用的外在环境。
　　Choice is puzzlement; without choice, freedom is lost. Thus, a rational mind and a circumstance allowing rationality be exercised publicly, are the prerequisite of freedom.
26、理想与现实

　　吃饱饭之后的理想探讨是现实派；吃饱饭不谈理想是无耻之徒；不吃饱饭谈理想是理想主义者；不吃饱饭也不谈理想的人，永远吃不饱饭。
　　Idealism without starvation are realists; lacking idealism without starvation, the barbarians; starvation with idealism, idealists; starvation without idealism, those always in hunger.

　　27、知识与信仰

　　信仰的前提是理性。
　　Rationality is the prerequisite of faith.

　　28、科技与环保、人类与自然

　　人类中心主义是狭隘的把人与自然予以割裂。自然可以为友，自然可以为师。
　　Human-centralism narrowly separates humans from nature. Nature can be a friend, and a teacher.

　　29、暴民政治，爱国主义

　　人民就是傻逼的复数名词。
　　People is the plural form of an asshole.

　　30、衣着时尚、习惯、身份认同

　　人的心理最为复杂，不能用其外在表现予以判断；但人的内心却有耐不住寂寞，总想通过外在表现让别人了解自己。
　　The mind of a man is so complex that it can never be judged by its out appearance. However, the mind never satisfies with solitude and always leaks some clues for others to explore.

　　31、艺术与大众、 审美

　　美来自于异化和不可感知。
　　Beauty comes from unfamiliarity and incomprehension.

　　32、重点与普遍、 政府的施政纲领

　　强调重点，往往是资源匮乏的表现。人类的贪欲让资源始终匮乏。
　　Emphasis on something implies the scarcity of resource. The scarcity is the result of human’s unchained lust.

　　33、法律与正义

　　法律没有公正一说，只是政治的博弈，取决于大多数人的意愿。
　　No law is just, but the maneuvers of politics to satisfy the great majority.

　　34、批评与赞扬、 不同声音的意义、批判思考

　　进步来源于自我否定。
　　Progress is prompted by self-negation.