GRE写作：类比法的运用

　　The Negro has callus growing on his soul and it’s getting harder and harder to hurt him there. That’s simple law of nature. Like a callus on the foot in a shoe that’s too tight. The foot is nature’s and that shoe was put on by man. The tight shoe will pinch your foot and make you holler and scream. But sooner or later， if you don’t take the shoe off， a callus will form on the foot and begin to wear out the shoe。
　　It’s the same with the Negro in America. That shoe—the white man’s system—has pinched and rubbed and squeezed his soul until it almost destroyed him. But it didn’t. And now a callus has formed on his soul， and unless that system is adjusted to fit him， too， that callus is going to wear out that system。
　　很显然在这段文字中，作者想证明的是全文第二段的最后一句话：And now a callus has formed on his soul， and unless that system is adjusted to fit him， too， that callus is going to wear out that system。(现在黑人的灵魂中已经产生了老茧，除非白人的统治体系能调整以适合他们，否则老茧将使这个体系土崩瓦解。)简而言之，就是黑人终将冲破白人统治。
　　黑人反抗白人统治获得解放这无疑是个非常抽象复杂的命题。采用一般的例证法，学生们都不约而同能想马丁。路德。金。且不管例子雷同与否，事实上，很少有人能真正清楚又准确地写出马丁。路德。金的具体事迹来证明这个观点。甚至还有学生会想到曼德拉或奥巴马来证明，实在有失偏颇。
　　现在我们再来看上面这段文字。作者很巧妙地找了CD，即 foot(nature)——shoe( put on by man)之间的关系。 鞋子小了，脚穿着会疼，如果不及时脱掉或调整，脚上会产生老茧。如果鞋子继续对脚进行禁锢，那么总有一天，脚会把鞋子穿破。这是一个再平常不过的道理，不需要再花时间进行论证，括号里的就是AB和CD间的相似性，轻松论证了这个复杂的命题，这就是类比的魅力。