1、 长成分
1)、长从句做主语、宾语及其他成分
a、 主语从句
b、 宾语从句
2)、长状语
3)、层层修饰
4)、并列成分
2、 常见倒装搭配
(1)、及物动词加介词：固定词组的固定搭配中，经常出现倒装情况，如：bring A to B，写作：bring to B A
例：Yet Waltzer’s argument , however deficient , does point to one of the most serious weaknesses of capitalism-namely , that it brings to predominant positions in a society people who ,no matter how legitimately they have earned their material rewards , often lack those other qualities that evoke affection or admiration.
类似的情况：throw over , insert into , import into , infer from, establish for , advocate as 等
(2)、及物动词加副词
例：make possible …(单词或者句子)
3、 省略的几种情况
(1)、重复的成分
(2)、让步转折的省略：如although (but)
(3)、定语从句引导词的省略which(that )
(4)、定语从句的引导词和系动词同时省略，变成后置定语
如：qualities(such as “the capacity for hard work”) essential in producing wealth
4、 短语被分割：如：
such as, so that , too to , more than , from A to B , between A and B
5、 多重否定：如：
Despite these vague categories , one should not claim unequivocally that hostility between recognizable classes cannot be legitimately observed .