GRE，全称Graduate Record Examination，中文名称为美国研究生入学考试，适用于除法律与商业外的各专业。由美国教育考试服务处(Educational Testing Service，简称ETS)主办，GRE是美国、加拿大的大学各类研究生院（除管理类学院，法学院）要求申请者所必须具备的一个考试成绩，也是教授对申请者是否授予奖学金所依据的最重要的标准。 另有，Generic Routing Encapsulation（通用路由封装）也简称GRE。
Despite the
sharp contrast in the techniques employed by these two schools, in both genres we find
soothing, genteel, pastoral themes and images---certainly nothing to upset the viewer.
In other cases, artists set about to upset. For example, the painters and sculptors of the
Renaissance period, like the artists who preceded them, approached their art as a form of
worship. Yet Renaissance art focuses on other Christian images and themes--especially those
involving the crucifxiion and apocalyptic notions of judgment and damnation--which are clearly
"upsetting" and disconcerting, and clearly not reassuring. Or consider the works of two
important 20th-Century artists; few would argue that the surrealistic images by Salvador Dali or
the jarring, splashy murals by abstract painter Jackson Pollock serve to "upset," or at the very
least disquiet, the viewer on a visceral level.
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When it comes to the function and value of science, in my view the speaker's assertion is
simply wrongheaded. The final objective of science, in my view, is to discover truths about our
world, our universe, and ourselves. Sometimes these discoveries serve to reassure, and other
times they serve to upset. For example, many would consider reassuring the various laws and
principles of physics which provide unifying explanations for what we observe in the physical
world. These principles provide a reassuring sense of order, even simplicity, to an otherwise
mysterious and perplexing world.
On the other hand, many scientific discoveries have dearly "upset" conventional notions
about the physical world and the universe. The notions of a sun-centered universe, that
humans evolved from lower primate forms, and that time is relative to space and motion, are
all disquieting notions to anyone whose belief system depends on contrary assumptions. And
more recently, researchers have discovered that many behavioral traits are functions of
individual neurological brain structure, determined at birth. This notion has "upset" many
professionals in fields such as behavioral psychology, criminology, mental health, and law,
whose work is predicated on the notion that undesirable human behavior can be
changed--through various means of reform and behavior modification.
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