GRE，全称Graduate Record Examination，中文名称为美国研究生入学考试，适用于除法律与商业外的各专业。由美国教育考试服务处(Educational Testing Service，简称ETS)主办，GRE是美国、加拿大的大学各类研究生院（除管理类学院，法学院）要求申请者所必须具备的一个考试成绩，也是教授对申请者是否授予奖学金所依据的最重要的标准。 另有，Generic Routing Encapsulation（通用路由封装）也简称GRE。
reason and better judgment are effective deterrents to despotism, demagoguery, and
especially to war.
Those opposed to the speaker's position might argue that stressing cognition and intellect at
the expense of emotion and feeling would have a chilling effect on artistic creativity, which
would work a harm to the society. However, even in the arts students must learn theories and
techniques, which they then apply to their craft whether it be music performance, dance, or
acting. And creative writing requires the cognitive ability to understand how language is used
and how to best communicate ideas. Besides, creative ability is itsdf partly a function of
intellect; that is, creative expression is a marriage between cognitive ability and the expression
of feelings and emotions.
In sum, emotions and feelings can serve as important catalysts for compassion and for
creativity. Yet behaviors that are most harmful to any society are also born of emotions and
instincts, which the intellect can serve to override. The inescapable conclusion, then, is that
the speaker is fundamentally correct.
Issue 28
"The study of history places too much emphasis on individuals. The most significant events
and trends in history were made possible not by the famous few, but by groups of people
whose identities have long been forgotten."
The speaker claims that significant historical events and trends are made possible by groups
of people rather than individuals, and that the study of history should emphasize the former
instead of the latter. I tend to disagree with both aspects of this claim. To begin with, learning
about key historical figures inspires us to achieve great things ourselves--far more so than
learning about the contributions of groups of people. Moreover, history informs us that it is
almost always a key individual who provide the necessary impetus for what otherwise might be
a group effort, as discussed below.
Admittedly, at times distinct groups of people have played a more pivotal role than key
individuals in important historical developments. For example, history and art apprecia don
courses that study the Middle Ages tend to focus on the artistic achievements of particular
artists such as Fra Angelico, a Benedictine monk of that period. However, Western civilization
owes its very existence not to a few famous painters but rather to a group of Benedictine nuns
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