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179."Whatmosthumanbeingsreallywanttoattainisnotknowledge,butcertainty.Gainingrealknowledgerequirestakingrisksandkeepingthemindopen--butmostpeopleprefertobereassuredratherthantolearnthecomplexandoftenunsettlingtruthaboutanything."
大多人真正想要得到的不是知识而是结论。获得真正的知识需要冒险和不停歇的思考----但是大多数人更愿意获得确定的答案而不是去学习复杂而不确定的真理。
1.Onlyafterwehavegainedrealknowledgecanwebecompetentforabettercomprehensionoftheworld.
2.People’sunremittingpursuitofknowledgeisnotforthesakeofknowledge,butlargelyforthesakeoftheirsettledlifegoalsandacquiringadegreeofcertaintyabouttheirgoals.
独立思考
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180."Manyproblemsofmodernsocietycannotbesolvedbylawsandthelegalsystembecausemoralbehaviorcannotbelegislated."
现代社会的很多问题是法律和立法系统无法解决的,因为道德行为是无法用法律约束的。
Iagreewiththisassertioninsofarasitrelatestoconstraintsoncertainpersonalfreedoms.However,whenitcomestotheconductofbusiness,Ithinkthatmoralbehaviornotonlycanbutmustbelegislatedforthepurposeofalleviatingsocietalproblems.
1.Moralitylawsthatimpingeuponfreedomofchoiceaboutourpersonallives—tocontrolwhatwedowithandtoourselves—simplydonotworkinademocraticsociety.
2.Moralitylawsimpingingonpersonalfreedomsarenotmadeanymoreusefuloreffectivebypurportingtoservethegreatergoodofsociety,becauseonbalancetheircostsfaroutweightheirbenefits.
3.Insharpcontrasttopersonalbehavior,thebehaviorofbusinessescanandmustbecontrolledthroughlegislation.
道德和法律
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181."Thewaystudentsandscholarsinterpretthematerialstheyworkwithintheiracademicfieldsismoreamatterofpersonalitythanoftraining.Differentinterpretationscomeaboutwhenpeoplewithdifferentpersonalitieslookatexactlythesameobjects,facts,data,oreventsandseedifferentthings."
学生和学者们在诠释学术研究对象时使用的方法更多的是一种个性化(因人而异)而非一种培训(模式化)。不同的诠释来自于具有不同个性的人在看待相同的目标、事实、数据或者事件的时候以及他们在看待不同事情的时候。
Disagree:Thekeyfactorintheirinterpretationisaperson’strainingandeducationalbackground,ratherthanpersonality.
1.Assumingthatbypersonalitythespeakerembracessuchpersonalattributesasindividualtemperament,dispositionandgeneralmood,andoutlook,itseemstomethatpersonalityhaslittlebearingonhowstudentsandscholarsinterpretthematerialswithwhichtheywork.
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